BS EN ISO 17225-5-2014

BSI Standards Publication BS EN ISO 17225-5:2014 Solid biofuels — Fuel specifications and classes Part 5: Graded firewoodBS EN ISO 17225-5:2014 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 17225-5:2014. It supersedes BS EN 14961-5:2011 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/17, Solid biofuels. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. © The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 78143 8 ICS 27.190; 75.160.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN ISO 17225-5 May 2014 ICS 27.190; 75.160.10 Supersedes EN 14961-5:2011 English Version Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 5: Graded firewood (ISO 17225-5:2014) Biocombustibles solides - Classes et spécifications des combustibles - Partie 5: Classes de bois de chauffage (ISO 17225-5:2014) Feste Biobrennstoffe - Brennstoffspezifikationen und - klassen - Teil 5: Einteilung von Stückholz (ISO 17225- 5:2014) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 March 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 17225-5:2014 EBS EN ISO 17225-5:2014 EN ISO 17225-5:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 17225-5:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuels” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14961-5:2011. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 17225-5:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17225-5:2014 without any modification. BS EN ISO 17225-5:2014ISO 17225-5:2014(E)© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2 5 Specification of graded firewood . 2 Annex A (informative) Comparison of moisture content as received and dry basis .5 Annex B (informative) Measurement of firewood 7 Annex C (informative) Calculation of energy density 8 Bibliography .10BS EN ISO 17225-5:2014ISO 17225-5:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels. ISO 17225 consists of the following parts, under the general title Solid biofuels — Fuel specifications and classes: — Part 1: General requirements — Part 2: Graded wood pellets — Part 3: Graded wood briquettes — Part 4: Graded wood chips — Part 5: Graded firewood — Part 6: Graded non-woody pellets — Part 7: Graded non-woody briquettesiv © ISO 2014 – All rights reservedBS EN ISO 17225-5:2014ISO 17225-5:2014(E) Introduction The objective of the ISO 17225 series is to provide unambiguous and clear classification principles for solid biofuels; to serve as a tool to enable efficient trading of biofuels; to enable good understanding between seller and buyer as well as a tool for communication with equipment manufacturers. It will also facilitate authority permission procedures and reporting. This part of ISO 17225 supports the use of graded firewood for residential, small commercial and public building applications. The residential, small commercial and public building applications require higher quality fuel for the following reasons: • Small-scale equipment does not usually have advanced controls and flue gas cleaning • Appliances are not generally managed by professional heating engineers • Appliances are often located in residential and populated districts NOTE 1 Firewood produced according to this part of ISO 17225 may be used in stoves, fireplaces, cookers, roomheaters and multifired sauna stoves, which are tested according to European standards EN 13229 [1] , EN 12815 [2] , EN 12809 [3] , EN 13240 [4] , EN 15250 [5]and EN 15821 [6] , and boilers systems tested according to EN 303–5 [7] . NOTE 2 For individual contracts ISO 17225-1 can be used. Although these product standards may be obtained separately, they require a general understanding of the standards based on and supporting ISO 17225-1. It is recommended to obtain and use ISO 17225-1 in conjunction with these standards.© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 17225-5:2014BS EN ISO 17225-5:2014Solid biofuels — Fuel specifications and classes — Part 5: Graded firewood 1 Scope This part of ISO 17225 determines the fuel quality classes and specifications of graded firewood. This part of ISO 17225 covers only firewood produced from the following raw materials (see ISO 17225-1, Table 1): • 1.1.1 Whole trees without roots • 1.1.3 Stem wood • 1.1.4 Logging residues (thick branches, tops etc.) • 1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood residues 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 16559, Solid biofuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions 1) ISO 17225-1, Solid biofuels — Fuel specifications and classes — Part 1: General requirements ISO 18134-1, Solid biofuels — Determination of moisture content — Oven dry method — Part 1: Total moisture — Reference method 2) ISO 18134-2, Solid biofuels — Determination of moisture content — Oven dry method — Part 2: Total moisture - Simplified method 3) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16559 and the following apply. 3.1 firewood cut and split oven-ready fuelwood used in household wood burning appliances like stoves, fireplaces and central heating systems Note 1 to entry: Firewood usually has a uniform length, typically in the range of 15 cm to 100 cm. 1) To be published. 2) To be published. 3) To be published. INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 17225-5:2014(E) © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 17225-5:2014ISO 17225-5:2014(E) 3.2 commercial application facility that utilize solid biofuel burning appliances or equipment that have similar fuel requirements as residential appliances Note 1 to entry: Commercial applications should not be confused with industrial applications, which can utilize a much wider array of materials and have vastly different fuel requirements. 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms The symbols and abbreviated terms used in this part of ISO 17225 comply with the SI system of units as far as possible. d dry (dry basis) ar as received w-% weight-percentage D Designation for diameter (D) as received [mm] E Designation for energy density as received, E ar[MJ/m 3or kWh/m 3loose or stacked volume or MJ/kg, kWh/kg] L Designation for length (L) as received [cm] M Designation for moisture content as received on wet basis, M ar[w-%] U Designation for moisture content on dry basis, U d ,[w-%] Q Designation for net calorific value as received, q p,net,ar[MJ/kg or kWh/kg or MWh/t] at constant pres- sure NOTE 1 1 MJ/kg equals 0,2778 kWh/kg (1 kWh/kg equals 1 MWh/t and 1 MWh/t is 3,6 MJ/kg). 1 g/cm 3equals 1 kg/dm 3 . NOTE 2 Designation symbols are used in combination with a number to specify property levels in Table 1. 5 Specification of graded firewood Specification of the firewood is stated in accordance with Table 1 and Figure 1. The determination of the properties shall be carried out in accordance with the methods mentioned in the normative references. Ash, N, S, Cl and minor elements are not required as firewood is produced from virgin material which has been grown in uncontaminated soil and therefore the likelihood of contamination is very low. Firewood specified according to classes A1 and A2 are suitable to be used in stoves and fireplaces and class B in log wood boilers. How to state the dimensions of firewood is expressed in Figure 1.2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reservedBS EN ISO 17225-5:2014ISO 17225-5:2014(E) Key D maximum diameter L maximum length Figure 1 — Dimensions of firewood NOTE Firewood amounts are given in cubic metres or in kilograms. A cubic metre of stacked wood means a stack of wood that occupies a space of one cubic metre. A cubic metre of loose wood is equal to a box one cubic metre in size into which the split logs are “thrown”. This is also referred to as an “unstacked cubic metre”. Naturally, the conversion rates between the volumes will be affected by the size of the logs and how they are arranged. Comparison of different cubic meters is shown in informative Annex B. If the properties being specified are sufficiently known through information about the origin and handling (or preparation method combined with experience) then analysis may not be needed. To ensure resources are used appropriately and the declaration is accurate, use the most appropriate measure below: 1) using previous measured values or obtained by experience of same raw material; 2) calculation of properties, e.g. by using typical values and considering generally accepted and documented specific values; 3) carrying out of analysis: a) with simplified methods if available; b) with reference methods. The responsibility of the producer or supplier to provide correct and accurate information is exactly the same whether laboratory analysis is performed or not. Typical values do not release the producer or supplier from providing accurate and reliable information. Chemical treatment before harvesting of biomass does not need to be stated. Where any operator in the fuel supply chain has reason to suspects serious contamination of soil (e.g. coal slag heaps) or if planting has been used specifically for the sequestration of chemicals or growing biomass is fertilized with sewage sludge (issued from waste water treatment or chemical process), fuel analysis should be carried out to identify chemical impurities such as halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals. Decay means a loss of mass and energy. Damage by insects, incipient rot and mould is not considered to be loss of mass and energy. Mould can appear on the surface of wood. The amount of mould generated depends on the drying and storage as well as the ambient conditions. Discolouration may appear as a result of chemical reactions between Fe ions and tannins (example is white oak) or by exposure to oxidation by air and kiln drying. The quality s