ASTM D1833-87 (Reapproved 2017)

Designation: D1833 − 87 (Reapproved 2017) Technical Association ofPulp and Paper IndustryTentative Method T 654 ts-64Designation: 185/65(85)Standard Test Method forOdor of Petroleum Wax1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1833; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for rating the odorintensity of waxes derived from petroleum.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 odor (of a wax)— numerical rating corresponding tothe odor scale description that best fits the sample being tested.3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Odor test specimens are prepared from petroleum waxby placing approximately 10 g of thin shavings on odor-freepaper or glassine. Individual test specimens are then evaluatedfor odor by each panel member and assigned the numbercorresponding to the odor scale description best fitting theintensity of the odor. As an alternative procedure, the waxshavings are placed in bottles, with each panel member makingthe odor evaluation between 15 min and 60 min after thespecimens are prepared. The average of the panel rating isreported as the odor rating of the sample.4. Significance and Use4.1 In some uses of petroleum wax, such as food packaging,odor intensity of the wax is an important property. Forexample, some description of limits on wax odor often appearsin specifications for petroleum wax. The method given hereprovides a basis for agreement between laboratories on theodor intensity of wax using a numerical scale rather thandescriptive terms. While the method is primarily intended forrating odor intensity, results can be influenced by odor type.5. Apparatus5.1 Scraper—A knife, vegetable scraper, or other sharpinstrument that can be cleaned easily. Mechanical devices thatproduce thin shavings from wax, such as vegetable shreddersor chisel-shaped bits, may be used.5.2 Paper—Odor-free paper or glassine for receiving thewax shavings.5.3 Bottles, 8 oz (250 mL) wide-mouth, with caps (foralternative procedure only).6. Test Panel6.1 The odor test panel should consist of at least five people.6.2 In selecting panel members for wax odor testing, theimportant factors to be considered are (1) agreement with the“true” rating, and (2) individual consistency. A method whichmay be used for checking these factors is given in theAppendix X1.NOTE 1—Any members with respiratory infection should be omittedsince sensitivity may be impaired.7. Sample and Test Specimen7.1 The sample shall consist of a block of wax at roomtemperature, from which at least 100 g of shavings may beobtained.7.2 The test specimen for evaluation by each panel membershall consist of approximately 10 g of wax in thin shavingsobtained from the sample.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical Properties.This test method was adopted as a jointASTM-IP Standard in 1965. In the IP, thismethod is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approvedin 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1833 – 87 (2012). DOI:10.1520/D1833-87R17.Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.18. Procedure8.1 Scrape the surface of the sample to remove any foreignmaterial and discard those scrapings. Using a clean scraper,prepare test specimens of approximately 10 g each of wax inthin shavings, placing them on odor-free paper or glassine.Obtain shavings that represent a cross section of the samplebeing tested. Prepare one test specimen for each panel member.NOTE 2—Conduct odor tests in a room as free as possible from odor.Avoid low relative humidity conditions, if possible, since it may causedifficulty in odor perception.8.2 Each panel member shall make the odor evaluationimmediately after the shavings are prepared by placing thenostrils in contact with the shavings and sniffing lightly (Note3). An alternative procedure is permitted as follows: Immedi-ately after preparing the shavings, transfer them to clean,odor-free bottles which are then capped. Prepare one bottle foreach panel member. Each panel member shall then evaluate thetest specimen between 15 min and 60 min after preparation, byremoving the bottle cap, placing the nostrils at the bottle mouthand sniffing lightly.NOTE 3—If the specimen is smelled repeatedly, the odor level willusually seem to decrease due to “olfactory fatigue” or loss of volatilecomponents in the specimen, or both.8.3 Record the numerical rating, as shown in Table 1, whichcorresponds to the odor intensity that best characterizes eachspecimen.NOTE 4—Panel members should not discuss odor test results until alltests have been completed on a sample.8.4 Individual panel members shall not evaluate a series ofmore than three specimens at a time. Intervals of at least15 min between each series shall be mandatory.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate to the nearest 0.5 unit the average of thenumerical ratings given to a sample by the panel members. Ifany of the individual ratings differ from the average by morethan 1.0 unit, repeat the odor evaluation test for that sample byall panel members. If, on the second test, any individual resultsdiffer from the average by more than 1.0 unit, discard thoseindividual results and calculate a new average.10. Report10.1 Report the average panel rating calculated to thenearest 0.5 unit as the odor rating of the sample by ASTMD1833.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Precision—A precision statement is being developedfor this test method.11.2 Bias—The procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the value of odor can be defined only in terms of a testmethod.12. Keywords12.1 odor; petroleum wax; waxAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. METHOD FOR SELECTING PANEL MEMBERSX1.1 ScopeX1.1.1 Prospective panel members may be checked by thismethod for (1) agreement with the “true” rating, and (2)individual consistency.X1.2 Agreement with the “True” RatingX1.2.1 Select four wax samples that have slight but differentodor intensities. (Usually 3 lb or 4 lb (1 kg or 2 kg) of eachwax sample is required for the evaluation of eight or tenprospective members.) Prepare the specimens for testing asdescribed in 8.1, and place them in an odor-free location. Eachof the prospective panel members shall rate the samplesalphabetically from A to D in the order of preference—best orworst. Ratings shall be made once per day until eight or tenratings have been made on the same set of waxes. (Identify thewaxes by different code numbers each day.) Individual mem-bers shall be graded against the “true” ratings of the waxes thatare arrived at as follows:4 points are given to a sample each time it appears in 1stplace,3 points are given to a sample each time it appears in 2ndplace,2 points are given to a sample each time it appears in 3rdplace,1 point is given to a sample each time it appears in 4th place.X1.2.2 Add all points at the end of the testing program toarrive at the relative ratings of the samples, which are taken asthe “true” ratings.X1.2.3 Determine the individual grade of the prospectivepanel member as follows: Subtract the same number of pointson each sample as the number of places it is away from its“true” rating. For example, if four waxes are found by the panelto rate in the order A, B, C, D, and the individual tester ratesthem in the order B, C, A, D, then his “ B” is out of position by1, “C” is out 1,“ A” is out by 2, and “D” is properly placed. TheTABLE 1 Odor Intensity ScaleNumerical Rating Odor Description0 none1 slight2 moderate3 strong4 very strongD1833 − 87 (2017)2prospective panel member has missed by a total of 4 points.The greatest possible number of points accrued if his rating hadbeen a complete reversal from the panel rating, would havebeen 8. The prospective member’s score is therefore 50 for theone rating.Score 5 @~R 2 L!/R# 3100 (X1.1)where:R = points when panel order is reversed, andL = actual points when compared to panel order.X1.2.4 The individual’s final score is the average of all hisdaily scores.X1.3 Individual ConsistencyX1.3.1 The individual’s consistency is determined in ex-actly the same manner as his score as described in X1.2.3,except that his daily ratings shall be compared with his ownoverall average rather than the “true” rating.X1.4 Average ScoreX1.4.1 A normally competent tester should score about 70in both “true” rating and individual consistency. Other scoringmethods, however, may be used to fit particular circumstances.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. 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