ISO 13503-5 2006

Reference numberISO 13503-5:2006(E)©ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO13503-5First edition2006-07-01Petroleum and natural gas industries — Completion fluids and materials — Part 5: Procedures for measuring the long-term conductivity of proppants Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Fluides de complétion et matériaux — Partie 5: Modes opératoires pour mesurer la conductivité à long terme des agents de soutènement Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---ISO 13503-5:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe s licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe s licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. © ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO s member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyright@iso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reservedCopyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---ISO 13503-5:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative reference . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Abbreviations 2 5 Procedures for evaluating long-term proppant pack conductivity . 2 5.1 Objective 2 5.2 Discussion. 2 6 Reagents and materials . 3 6.1 Test fluid 3 6.2 Sandstone 3 7 Long-term conductivity test apparatus 3 7.1 Test unit . 3 7.2 Hydraulic load frame 3 7.3 Pack width measurement device(s) 3 7.4 Test fluid drive system. 3 7.5 Differential pressure transducers . 4 7.6 Back-pressure regulators 4 7.7 Balance 4 7.8 Oxygen removal 4 7.9 Temperature control. 4 7.10 Silica saturation and monitoring. 5 8 Equipment calibration 5 8.1 Pressure indicators and flow rates. 5 8.2 Zero pack width measurement 5 8.3 Determination of cell width 6 8.4 Hydraulic load frame 6 9 Leak tests 6 9.1 Hydraulic load frame 6 9.2 Test fluid system. 6 10 Procedure for loading the cells . 6 10.1 Preparation of the test unit 6 10.2 Cell setup. 7 11 Loading cell(s) in the press . 9 12 Acquiring data. 9 13 Calculation of permeability and conductivity 10 14 Data reporting . 11 Annex A (informative) Conversion factors 12 Annex B (normative) Silica-saturation vessel setup 13 Annex C (informative) Figures 15 Bibliography . 24 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---ISO 13503-5:2006(E) iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13503-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials. equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids, and well cements. ISO 13503 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries — Completion fluids and materials: ⎯ Part 1: Measurement of viscous properties of completion fluids ⎯ Part 2: Measurement of properties of proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations ⎯ Part 3: Testing of heavy brines ⎯ Part 4: Procedure for measuring stimulation and gravelpack fluid leakoff under static conditions ⎯ Part 5: Procedures for measuring the long-term conductivity of proppants Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---ISO 13503-5:2006(E) © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved vIntroduction This part of ISO 13503 is largely based on API RP 61[1]. Informative references are also included in the Biblography, References [2] to [15]. The tests and test apparatus herein have been developed to establish standard procedures and conditions for use in evaluating the long-term conductivity of various hydraulic fracture proppant materials under laboratory conditions. This procedure enables users to compare the conductivity characteristics under the specifically described test conditions. The test results can aid users in comparing proppant materials for use in hydraulic fracturing operations. The procedures presented in this publication are not intended to inhibit the development of new technology, materials improvements, or improved operational procedures. Qualified engineering analysis and sound judgment is required for their application to fit a specific situation. This part of ISO 13503 may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by ISO and API to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in it. However, ISO and API make no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this part of ISO 13503, and hereby expressly disclaim any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this part of ISO may conflict. In this part of ISO 13503, where practical, U.S. customary units are included in parentheses for information. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13503-5:2006(E)© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved 1Petroleum and natural gas industries — Completion fluids and materials — Part 5: Procedures for measuring the long-term conductivity of proppants CAUTION — The testing procedures in this part of ISO 13503 are not designed to provide absolute values of proppant conductivity under downhole reservoir conditions. Long-term test data have shown that time, elevated temperatures, fracturing fluid residues, cyclic stress loading, embedment, formation fines and other factors further reduce fracture proppant pack conductivity. Also, this reference test is designed to measure only the frictional energy losses corresponding to laminar flow within a pack. It is recognized that fluid velocity within an actual fracture can be significantly higher than in these laboratory tests, and can be dominated by inertial effects. 1 Scope This part of ISO 13503 provides standard testing procedures for evaluating proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations. NOTE The “proppants” mentioned henceforth in this part of ISO 13503 refer to sand, ceramic media, resin-coated proppants, gravel packing media, and other materials used for hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations. The objective of this part of ISO 13503 is to provide consistent methodology for testing performed on hydraulic-fracturing and/or gravel-packing proppants. It is not intended for use in obtaining absolute values of proppant pack conductivities under downhole reservoir conditions. 2 Normative reference The following referenced document is indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard (including any amendme